Page 89 - Demo

87Fluid intelligence is the ability to come up with solutions in novel situations for which there is no prior learning or manual on what to do. Research has shown that fl uid intelligence increases up until adolescence, then is believed not to increase further. There have been many attempts to increase it in the history of psychology and nothing has worked%u2014until several studies on the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program have shown that it is possible.This two-year study found an unprecedented growth in fl uid intelligence by fi ve IQ points in college students practicing TM. Control subjects who received only the usual college curriculum and not TM training did not change.The students were an average of 25 years old, an age at which fl uid intelligence is not expected to increase. Control subjects who received only the usual college curriculum and not TM instruction did not change on fl uid intelligence, as was expected for their age group. (Reference 1) Additional studies found that TM increases fl uid intelligence in college students and also in high school students. (References 2 & 3) Increased Fluid Intelligence122121120119118117116115114113Pretest 2 yearsIQ (Cattell Culture Fair)TM GroupComparisonGroupp < .005tm-005INCREASING INTELLIGENCEReference 1: Cranson, R. W., Orme-Johnson, D. W., Gackenbach, J., Dillbeck, M. C., Jones, C. H., & Alexander, C. N. (1991). Transcendental Meditation and improved performance on intelligence-related measures: A longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(10), 1105%u20131116. Reference 2: Dillbeck, M. C., Raimondi, D., Assimakis, P. D., Rowe, R., & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (1986). Longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on cognitive ability and cognitive style. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 62(3), 731%u2013738. Reference 3: So, K. T., & Orme-Johnson, D. W. (2001). Three randomized experiments on the holistic longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on cognition. Intelligence, 29(5), 419%u2013440.